Prophet and Nonmuslims

The Prophet's (PBUH) treatment of Non-Muslims
Objectives:
In the middle of the current state of uncertainty among almost all Non-Muslims and some Muslims, it appears to be a necessity to do some research upon the way in which the Prophet, Mohammad, Peace Be Upon Him treated the Non-Muslims. Some people argue that this treatment was brutal and that the prophet treated them badly. Thus this research is to clarify for them and other distrustful the following:
  The Non-Muslims lived in the Muslim society and enjoyed the   same rights that Muslims had.
      Justice was the real shield that protected them all the time.
        Abstract:
His feelings towards the disbelievers at the beginning of his mission.
“O God, to You I complain of my weakness, lack of resources and humiliation before these people. You are the Most Merciful, the Lord of the weak and my Master. To whom will You consign me? To one estranged, bearing ill will, or an enemy given power over me? If You do not assign me any worth, I care not, for Your favor is abundant upon me. I seek refuge in the light of Your countenance by which all darkness is dispelled and every affair of this world and the next is set right, lest Thy anger should descend upon me or Your displeasure light upon me. I need only Your pleasure and satisfaction for only You enable me to do good and evade the evil. There is no power and no might but You.”
The Lord then sent the angel of mountains, seeking the permission of the Prophet to join together the two hills and crush the city of Taif, between which it was located. Out of his great tolerance and mercy, the Messenger of God replied,
“No! For, I hope that God will bring forth from their loins people who will worship God alone, associating nothing with Him.” (_Saheeh__ Muslim_)
Was that mercy out of disability?
“And never (O Muhammad) pray for one of them who dies, nor stand by his grave. Lo! They disbelieve in God and His Messenger, and they died while...